Movie Titles That Became Part of the Lexicon. October 1. 6 is World Dictionary Day, which each year celebrates the birthday of the American lexicographer Noah Webster, who was born in Connecticut in 1.

Last year, Mental Floss marked the occasion with a list of facts about Webster’s American Dictionary of the English Language—the enormous two- volume dictionary, published in 1. Webster was 7. 0 years old, that established many of the differences that still divide American and British English to this day. But while Webster was America’s foremost lexicographer, on the other side of the Atlantic, Great Britain had Dr. Samuel Johnson. Johnson—whose 3. Google Doodle in September—published the equally groundbreaking Dictionary of the English Language in 1. Webster was even born. Its influence was arguably just as great as that of Webster’s, and it remained the foremost dictionary of British English until the early 1.

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Oxford English Dictionary began to appear. So to mark this year’s Dictionary Day, here are 1. Johnson’s monumental dictionary. IT WASN’T THE FIRST DICTIONARY. With more than 4. Johnson’s Dictionary of the English Language was certainly the largest dictionary in the history of the English language at the time but, despite popular opinion, it wasn’t the first. Early vocabularies and glossaries were being compiled as far back as the Old English period, when lists of words and their equivalents in languages like Latin and French first began to be used by scribes and translators.

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These were followed by educational word lists and then early bilingual dictionaries that began to emerge in the 1. English dictionary: Robert Cawdrey’s Table Alphabeticall—in 1. SAMUEL JOHNSON BORROWED FROM THE DICTIONARIES THAT CAME BEFORE HIS. In compiling his dictionary, Johnson drew on Nathan Bailey’s Dictionarium Britanicum, which had been published in 1. Ironically, a sequel to Bailey’s dictionary, A New Universal Etymological English Dictionary, was published in the same year as Johnson’s, and borrowed heavily from his work; its author, Joseph Nicoll Scott, even gave Johnson some credit for its publication.)But just as Johnson had borrowed from Bailey and Scott had borrowed from Johnson, Bailey, too had borrowed from an earlier work—namely John Kersey’s Dictionarium Anglo- Britannicum (1. John Harris’s Universal English Dictionary of Arts and Sciences. Lexicographic plagiarism was nothing new.

THE DICTIONARY WASN’T THE ONLY THING JOHNSON WROTE. Although he’s best remembered as a lexicographer today, Johnson was actually something of a literary multitasker.

As a journalist, he wrote for an early periodical called The Gentlemen’s Magazine. As a biographer, he wrote the Life of Mr Richard Savage (1. Johnson also wrote numerous poems (London, published anonymously in 1. Rasselas, 1. 75. 9), a stage play (Irene, 1. He also co- edited an edition of Shakespeare’s plays.

And in between all of that, he even found time to investigate a supposed haunted house in central London. IT WAS THE FIRST DICTIONARY TO USE QUOTATIONS. Johnson’s dictionary defined some 4. Johnson lifted quotations from books dating back to the 1. Shakespeare, John Milton, Alexander Pope, and Edmund Spenser included. In doing so, he established a lexicographic trend that still survives in dictionaries to this day. IT TOOK MORE THAN EIGHT YEARS TO WRITE.

Defining 4. 2,0. 00 words and finding 1. Working from his home off Fleet Street in central London, Johnson and six assistantsworked solidly for over eight years to bring his dictionary to print. Webster, on the other hand, worked all but single- handedly, and used the 2. American Dictionary to learn 2. JOHNSON WAS WELL PAID FOR HIS TROUBLES. Johnson was commissioned to write his dictionary by a group of London publishers, who paid him a princely 1,5. HE LEFT OUT A LOT OF WORDS.

The dictionary’s 4. English language probably had as many as five times that many words around the time the dictionary was published in 1.

A lot of that shortfall was simply due to oversight: Johnson included the word irritable in four of his definitions, for instance, but didn’t list it as a headword in his own dictionary. He also failed to include a great many words found in the works of the authors he so admired, and in several of the source dictionaries he utilized, and in some cases he even failed to include the root forms of words whose derivatives were listed elsewhere in the dictionary.

Athlete, for instance, didn’t make the final cut, whereas athletic did. Johnson’s imposition of his own tastes and interests on his dictionary didn't help matters either. His dislike of French, for example, led to familiar words like unique, champagne,and bourgeois being omitted, while those he did include were given a thorough dressing down: ruse is defined as “a French word neither elegant nor necessary,” while finesse is dismissed as “an unnecessary word that is creeping into the language."8. HE LEFT OUT THE LETTER X. At the foot of page 2.

Johnson’s Dictionary is a note merely reading, “X is a letter which, though found in Saxon words, begins no word in the English language."9. HIS DEFINITIONS WEREN’T ALWAYS SO SCHOLARLY. As well as imposing his own taste on his dictionary, Johnson also famously employed his own sense of humor on his work. Watch Paddington Online (2017) on this page. Among the most memorable of all his definitions is his explanation of oats as “a grain, which in England is generally given to horses, but in Scotland supports the people.” But he also defined monsieur as “a term of reproach for a Frenchman,” excise as “a hateful tax levied upon commodities and adjudged not by the common judges of property but wretches hired by those to whom excise is paid,” and luggage as “anything of more weight than value.” As an example of how to use the word dull, he explained that “to make dictionaries is dull work.”1.

HE POKED LOTS OF FUN AT HIS OWN OCCUPATION. Listed on page 1. Johnson’s definition of lexicographer was “a writer of dictionaries; a harmless drudge.”.